By Joshua Keating
THE arrival of a man infected with Ebola virus in Lagos, Nigeria — Africa’s largest city — last week was certainly an alarming development, but it’s also in some ways a distraction.
Nigeria has far more resourcces to throw at the problem than Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. (Ebola has already killed almost 700 people in the region). The Nigerian government has already moved quickly to quarantine the hospital where the man was being held.
It’s too soon to say for sure, but Ebola seem relatively unlikely to spiral out of control in Lagos the way it has elsewhere in West Africa.
And despite what some US congressmen seem to believe, the likelihood of it spreading widely in the United States is extremely low.
As the veteran foreign correspondent Howard French noted recently, there are “few subregions more prone to contagious epidemic than Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea”.
The main reason the death toll hasn’t been even higher is, paradoxically, due to the virulence of the disease: Ebola kills too many of its carriers and too quikly for it to spread very widely.
As political scientist Kim Yi Dionne noted, a number of factors have combined to make this the most deadly Ebola outbreak in history, and most of them are political rather than biological.
For one thing, none of th.e countries has experienced an outbreak of the disease before, so knowledge of it is low.
For another, the fact that it has spread to multiple countries makes a coordinated response more difficult.
Liberia has now shut almost all of its borders.
As Dionne notes, all three countries have poor health infrastructure, due in part to years of civil war in Liberia and Sierra Leone.
Liberia has just 0.014 doctors per 1,000 people, and a common joke is that JFK Medical Centre, Monrovia’s main hospital, has long had the unflattering nickname “Just For Killing”.
Then there’s the enormous public distrust of government authorities and international medical workers. The New York Times reported recently that in Guinea, “workers and officials, blamed by panicked populations for spreading the virus, have been threatened with knives, stones and machetes, their vehicles sometimes surrounded by hostile mobs.”
These attitudes aren’t exactly helped by the governments’ threats of prosecution against those harbouring Ebola cases.
It’s never going to be an easy task to ask families to allow authorities to take their loved ones away for quarantine and likely death.
The task is even harder in countries where the last three decades have given people very good reason to be mistrustful of government authorities.
As Laurie Garrett, senior fellow for global health at the Council on Foreign Relations, wrote in a CNN op-ed: “The nations of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone have a shared, brutal history of civil wars that since 1989 have left more than 400 000 people dead, displaced half a million people from their traditional homes, seen rape used as a weapon against tens of thousands of girls and women, and put Liberia’s former president behind bars as a war criminal….
“In these three nations, few families have not experienced murders, rapes, torture, maiming, loss of homes and death.”
An effective response to a problem like Ebola requires public trust of authorities in the midst of a terrifying situation.
Despite some notable political and economic improvements since the war years, the authorities — including international agencies — still need to earn that trust. –– Slate
- Keating is a writer focusing on international affairs.
